نظریه سرریز دانش کارآفرینی[1] برای اولین بار توسط آدقش[2] و آکس[3] در سال 2006 مطرح گردید. آنها معتقد هستند که نظریههای معمول در کارآفرینی اغلب بر شناسایی فرصتها و تصمیمگیری برای بهرهبرداری از آنها تمرکز دارند. آنها همچنین اضافه می کنند که در دیدگاه غالب این نظریات فرصتها برونزا و بیرونی هستند در حالی که تئوریهای رشد اقتصادی فرصتها را درونزا میدانند و نظریه سرریز دانش کارآفرینی این شکاف بین این دو را پر میکند.
این نظریه مطرح میکند که دانش به نتایج درونزایی در سرریز دانش منجر میگردد که به کارآفرینان این امکان را میدهد تا فرصتها را شناسایی کرده و از آنها بهرهبرداری کنند. آقدش و آکس بر این عقیده هستند که این تئوری پلی بین ادبیات غیر عینی و ذهنی[4] کارآفرینی و ادبیات عینی و بیرونی[5] اقتصاد در مورد فرصتها از طریق تغییر واحد تحلیل از سازمانها که به صورت درونزا دانش جدید تولید میکنند به عوامل اقتصادی[6] که صاحب سرریز دانش هستند، میباشد.
بر اساس این تئوری افراد به دلیل عدم توانایی در تجاری سازی ایدههای خود در بستر[7] بنگاهها و سازمانهای موجود، بنگاهها و کسب و کارهای جدید را راه اندازی میکنند. با این دیدگاه سریز دانش کانالی برای انتقال دانش از بنگاههای موجود به بنگاههای نو می باشد (Audretsch & Keilbach).
.پیشبینی های اساسی این تئوری را میتوان به صورت زیر عنوان کرد:
- افزایش سطح منابع دانش اثرات مثبتی بر سطح کارآفرینی دارد
- وجود کاربران و به کارگیرندگان قویتر برای دانش سبب کاهش اثر مثبت دانش جدید بر کارآفرینی میگردد
- فیلترهای دانش مانع فعالیتهای کارآفرینانه بر مبنای دانش جدید میگردد. فبلترهای دانش شامل قوانین محکم و دست و پاگیر، سدهای اداری، مداخله دولتها در بازار و مانند آنها میشود.
1- Bibliography
Audretsch, D. B., & Keilbach, M. (n.d.). The Knowledge Spillover Theory of Entrepreneurship and Economic Growth.
[1] The Knowledge Spillover Theory Of Entrepreneurship
[2] David B. Audretsch
[3] Zoltan J. Acs
[4] Subjective
[5] Objective
[6] Economic Agents
[7] Context
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